These 11 essays by noted philosophers and social theorists take up the philosophical aspects of Jürgen Habermas's unfinished project of reconstructing enlightenment rationality. They range in subject matter from classical problems to contemporary debates, covering historical perspectives, theoretical issues, and post-enlightenment challenges. A companion volume of essays will take up the cultural and political aspects of the work. Together, the two volumes underscore the richness and variety of Habermas's project. Contributors Karl-Otto Apel, Richard J. Bernstein, Peter Bürger, Martin Jay, Thomas (...) McCarthy, Herbert Schnädelbach, Charles Taylor, Michael Theunissen, Ernst Tugendhat, Albrecht Wellmer. (shrink)

La métaphore du réseau s'est imposée durant les années quatre vingt dix à l'occasion de ce qu'il est convenu d'appeler le « topical turn », pour décrire les logiques de développement de la vie culturelle et leur analyse en termes spatiaux plutôt que temporels. Simultanément, il arrive que la constitution de réseaux soit bel et bien déterminée historiquement notamment de manière générationnelle ou sociopolitique. Les contributeurs de cet ouvrage s'inspirent de cette réflexion pour traiter d'un phénomène de réverbération dans l'histoire (...) culturelle, en particulier d'expression allemande, des années vingt aux années soixante du XXe siècle. Au plan métacritique, la réception répétée de la philosophie de Frédéric Nietzsche, mais aussi d'Ernst Cassirer notamment chez Michel Foucault et Gilles Deleuze apparaît comme un lien constitutif de ce déploiement métaphorique. D'autres modèles explicatifs sont présentés tel celui des paradigmes en science ou celui d'un équilibrage pulsionnel, de type psychanalytique. Des études de cas précis illustrent également cette hésitation entre le modèle métaphorique et le modèle historique, concernant les modes d'affirmation de certaines avants-gardes, l'étude de la reprise poétique chez Heissenbüttel ou Rühmkorf, filmique chez Godard, ou théâtrale chez les héritiers d'Artaud. Die Metapher des Netzwerkes hat sich im Laufe der neunziger Jahre anlässlich des sogenannten «topical turn» zur Beschreibung der logischen Mechanismen in der Entwicklung des kulturellen Lebens und deren Analyse in eher räumlichen als zeitlichen Begriffen durchgesetzt. Der Aufbau von Netzwerken mag aber auch historisch bedingt sein, zum Beispiel durch Generationszugehörigkeit und sozial-politische Umstsozial-politische Umstände. Die Beiträger dieses Bandes gehen von dieser Überlegung aus, um sich dem Phänomen der Spiegelung in der Kulturgeschichte - insbesondere in der deutschsprachigen - von den zwanziger bis sechziger Jahren des 20. Jahrhunderts auseinanderzusetzen. Auf metakritischer Ebene erscheint die wiederholte Rezeption der Philosophie Friedrich Nietzsches, aber auch Ernst Cassirers, insbesondere bei Michel Foucault und Gilles Deleuze als eine Verbindung, die wesentlich ist für die Entfaltung der räumlichen Metaphorik. Weitere Erklärungsmodelle werden vorgeschlagen, wie das paradigmatisch-wissenschaftliche oder das triebhaft-psychoanalytische. Fallstudien illustrieren zudem dieses Zögern zwischen metaphorischem und historischem Modell, was die Selbstbehauptung gewisser Avantgarden sowie die Untersuchung bestimmter Rezeptionsmomente betrifft, im poetischen Bereich bei Heissenbüttel oder Rühmkorf, im filmischen bei Godard, oder im dramatischen bei den Erben Artauds. (shrink)

This article retraces and discusses the philosophical itinerary of Axel Honneth, from the groundbreaking book Struggle for Recognition up to the recent essays Freedom’s Right and The Idea of Socialism. In the first section, I examine Honneth’s programmatic concept of social pathology in relation to Ernst Cassirer’s idea of the secularisation of theodicy (i. e. the attribution of responsibility for human suffering to society) and to the enlightenment legacy of Jean-Jacques Rousseau. In the second section, after assessing Honneth’s (...) position in the tradition of critical theory, I analyse his philosophical views. I identify two different theoretical frameworks in Honneth’s work: on the one hand, the theory of the struggle for recognition; on the other hand, the recent theory of social freedom. While the first is grounded in a formal and allegedly universal anthropology, the second draws on the Hegelian doctrine of the ethical life and develops a historicist and internalist model of reconstructive social criticism. Finally, in the third section, I critically address the “divinisation of the social” entailed in Honneth’s project of social pathologies’ critique, and argue that Honneth’s trust in the normative power of intersubjectivity might be excessive. (shrink)

Dans cet article, je retrace et discute l’itinéraire philosophique d’Axel Honneth, depuis La Lutte pour la reconnaissance jusqu’à ses récents essais Le Droit de la liberté et L’Idée du socialisme. Dans la première partie, le concept programmatique de pathologie sociale sera mis en relation avec celui de « sécularisation de la théodicée » formulé par Ernst Cassirer – à savoir, l’attribution de la responsabilité de la souffrance humaine à la société – et avec l’héritage des Lumières légué par (...) Jean-Jacques Rousseau. Dans la deuxième partie, une fois précisée la position occupée par Honneth dans la tradition de la théorie critique francfortoise, j’aborderai ses propositions théoriques ; je distinguerai notamment deux modèles normatifs correspondant à deux phases successives de la pensée honnethienne : la lutte pour la reconnaissance d’une part, qui s’appuie sur une anthropologie formelle à valeur universelle ; et la théorie de la liberté sociale d’autre part, qui réactualise la doctrine hégélienne de l’éthicité en s’appuyant sur un modèle historique et internaliste de critique sociale reconstructive. Dans la troisième partie, je me pencherai sur la « divinisation du social » inhérente au projet d’une critique des pathologies sociales, ainsi que sur la confiance excessive qu’Honneth semble accorder à la force normative de l’intersubjectivité. (shrink)

When it comes to behavioral change, economic design and behavioral science are complements, not substitutes. Chater & Loewenstein give examples from policy design. In this commentary, I use examples, often from my own research, to show how behavioral insights inform the design of the rules that govern market transactions.

While visiting a friend's family in Cornwall during the traditional May Day celebrations, eighteen-year-old Laura becomes involved in an old family mystery concerning the disappearance of ancient heirlooms.

“Here is the first Kant-biography in English since Paulsen’s and Cassirer’s only full-scale study of Kant’s philosophy. On a very deep level, all of Cassirer’s philosophy was based on Kant’s, and accordingly this book is Cassirer’s explicit coming to terms with his own historical origins. It sensitively integrates interesting facts about Kant’s life with an appreciation and critique of his works. Its value is enhanced by Stephen Körner’s Introduction, which places Cassirer’s Kant-interpretation in its historical and contemporary context.”—Lewis White Beck (...) “The first English translation (well done by James Haden) of a 60-year-old classic intellectual biography. Those readers who know Kant only through the first _Critique_ will find their understanding of that work deepened and illuminated by a long explication of the pre-critical writings, but perhaps the most distinctive contribution is Cassirer’s argument that the later _Critiques_, and especially the _Critique of Judgment_, must be understood not as merely applying the principles of the first to other areas but as subsuming the latter into a larger and more comprehensive framework.”—Frederick J. Crown, _The Key Reporter_ “_Kant’s Life and Thought_ is that rare achievement: a lucid and highly readable account of the life and work of one of the world’s profoundest thinkers. Now for the first time available in an admirable English translation, the book introduces the reader to two of the finest minds in the history of philosophy.”—Ashley Montagu. (shrink)

In his recent book, Recognition: A Chapter in the History of European ideas (2021), Honneth has explained how he understands the French concept of recognition. This article places Honneth's latest interpretation in the context of his long-standing and evolving engagement with French theory over several decades. Honneth acknowledges his significant debt to a French tendency to view recognition as a problem for self-realisation (and not an opportunity). Bourdieu's and Boltanski's account of how ambitions become limited by the availability of capital (...) and the internalisation of class was a major breakthrough in Honneth's intellectual development. Other formative French influences included the articulation of denigration in existentialist phenomenology, and the idea of regulative power in Foucault, with “deconstructive” asymmetrical care presented as productive but comparatively less important. The discussion also reveals why Honneth presents the “German” concept of recognition as having basic explanatory force (as an opportunity for self-realisation), and why he resists what he views as a French-influenced tendency (also present in some contemporary German critical theory) to depict recognition as ambivalent. The discussion reveals, on one hand, how working across perceived divides can be immensely productive, and, on the other hand, why a French-German divide remains entrenched in contemporary thinking. (shrink)

Six essays which analyze the non-national thought processes that influence culture.

European Journal of Philosophy, Volume 29, Issue 3, Page 581-591, September 2021.

El artículo tiene la finalidad de explicar las dificultades existentes cuando las interpretaciones filosóficas sobre los hechos del pasado se basan en marcos conceptuales contemporáneos. En especial, cuando la intención de los autores se centra en tratar encajar los acontecimientos del pasado a lenguajes políticos modernos. Para alcanzar tal fin, me sirvo de las narraciones filosóficas dedicadas a la independencia de la Nueva España; en especial, la que efectúa el filósofo Enrique Dussel en su libro Política de la liberación. Mi (...) intención es vislumbrar los problemas hermenéuticos profundos cuando la intención de los autores se centra en realizar lecturas políticas del pasado, en vez de tratar de comprender los mundos de la vida de épocas pretéritas. (shrink)

Die vorliegende Bildmonographie Eugen Finks (1905-1975) ruft die eindrucksvolle Gestalt des Freiburger Philosophen, Phänomenologen und Pädagogen in die Erinnerung zurück. Sie bietet zum ersten Male aufschlussreiche Einblicke in die nachgelassenen Bilddokumente, aus denen der Takt seines Lebenslaufes selbst vernommen werden kann. über die biographischen Schlaglichter hinaus führt sie den Leser schrittweise in die Werkstatt seiner nachgelassenen Manuskripte und Entwürfe, in ausgewählte Partien seines Briefwechsels, in die Akten und Urkunden hinein, die seinen beruflichen Werdegang dokumentieren. Auf diese Weise stellt sie nicht (...) nur die Gesamtausgabe der Werke Eugen Finks in ein umgreifendes Landschaftsbild hinein, sondern hebt zugleich die vielfältigen Motive und Beweggründe der phänomenologischen Bewegung hervor, als deren Vermittler und Bindeglied Eugen Fink weltweite Anerkennung zuteilde wurde. (shrink)

Much of Arnold Hauser’s work on the social history of art and the philosophy of art history is informed by a concern for the cognitive dimension of art. The present paper offers a reconstruction of this aspect of Hauser’s project and identifies areas of overlap with the sociology of knowledge—where the latter is to be understood as both a separate discipline and a going intellectual concern. Following a discussion of Hauser’s personal and intellectual background, as well as of the shifting (...) political and academic setting of his work, the paper addresses one of Hauser’s central questions, viz. how best to square a thoroughgoing commitment to the social nature of art with the reality of successive artistic styles, given that the latter seem to be characterizable on purely formal grounds. This is followed by a discussion of Hauser’s conflicted views on the relation between art, science, and technology. This injects a tension into Hauser’s work, due to his initial reluctance to explain just how the aesthetic and the cognitive realms relate. The final part of the paper, through a closer examination of the analogies and disanalogies that Hauser sees between art history and the history of science, attempts to give a positive answer—“on Hauser’s behalf”, as it were—to the question of whether art may be credited with a specific cognitive dimension of its own, and if so, what its contribution to our cognitive enterprise may consist in. (shrink)

This book grew out of that conviction, and as such it brought a fresh perspective to some of the rarely examined assumptions and methods of analysis.

In face of the postmodern ideal of a 'mutiple' subject, there has been talk at regular classical psychoanalysis's normative orientation toward intervals since the end of the the ego's capacity to cope consistently with reality may Second World War of psy seem obsolete. However, a psychoanalytic theory choanalysis being obsolete. which is revised in the light of object-relations theory, In these fields - where the integrationist social psychology, and an intersubjectivist notion is not just an ideolo account of the formation (...) of the drives can answer the gical weapon - this signifies postmodern challenge. According to this alternative the tendency of a growing psychoanalytic view, the goal of a 'healthy' development discrepancy said to have of personality is a state of an inner capacity for dialo opened up between the origue, able to account normatively for altering forms of ginal and the current socio-ego-identity under changing social conditions. (shrink)

In my contribution I ask whether the version of secular reason Jürgen Habermas characterises as “post-metaphysical” can really provide us children of modernity with a comprehensive self- and world-understanding. I begin by asking what it means to claim that secular reason is “post-metaphysical” (1). There are various possible ways of understanding this characterisation, some stronger than others; but there needs to be clarity on this issue to address my second question: What would secular reason really have to achieve in order (...) to make good on its claim that it can still provide us with a comprehensive understanding of our relation both to ourselves and to the world? I will split this question along two dimensions: from a theoretical standpoint we should explore how reality has to be understood in order to allow us to attain a consistent understanding of self and world; from a practical standpoint, we need to ask which attitudes we would actually have to adopt towards reality in order to find in it the kind of orientation that Habermas believes his version of secular reason holds in store (2). In a third step, I follow up on these practical considerations by asking whether, at the level of everyday praxis, an orienting conception of self and world in this day and age does not in fact demand more than Habermas seems to have in mind (3). Finally, and returning, albeit indirectly, to the meaning of “post-metaphysical”, I cast some doubt on the Habermasian thesis that secular reason can survive only in the form of a tradition that reaches back either to Kant or to Hume; I want to question whether this division is exhaustive and briefly bring a third alternative into play (4). (shrink)

An attempt to answer in some detail the questions and criticism brought up in a colloquium on my book on ‘Socialism’.

_Purpose._ The purpose of the article lies in studying the main socio-anthropological measurements of the problem of recognition represented primarily by the philosophy of recognition of Alex Honneth, which is actualized by the struggle of the Ukrainian people for their existence and national-cultural recognition. A consistent analysis of the communicative paradigm in contemporary philosophy led to the understanding of its transformation into the reality of the problem of recognition and the identification of the main forms of recognition in it, which (...) determine an individual’s perception of the social space as fair or unfair, where his dignity is disrespected. _Theoretical basis._ Turning to the works of Jurgen Habermas, Otfried Hoeffe, Ernst Tugendhat, Stefan Gosepath, and Thomas Rentsch made it possible to supplement the mainly procedural, theoretical-communicative way of philosophizing with a philosophical-anthropological, existential, contextual principle of awareness of recognition as a fundamental principle of justice and the understanding that the brutal, unjust destruction of the "living world" of a person and the state is synonymous with their physical destruction. The thesis of Francis Fukuyama about the relationship between the desire for recognition and human dignity inherent in human nature has acquired an important theoretical and methodological meaning. _Originality._ The article investigates the modern philosophical discourse of the problem of recognition in the socio-anthropological measurements, in the context of the relationship between recognition, the "living world" and justice, non-recognition, humiliation of human dignity, and injustice. And it was also found that the image of recognition represented by modern philosophical thought, as a horizon and condition of human existence, is based on the following components: justice, solidarity, dignity, and care. Exactly addressing the problem of recognition made it possible to answer the question about the anthropological-ontological, existential meaning of the desire of individuals, nations, and states for recognition and outline the ways of transforming recognition as a variant of "communicative utopia" into a real socio-cultural project. _Conclusions._ In contrast to justice, the theory of recognition comes from asymmetrical human relations, which, in the struggle for recognition, must become symmetrical. Although justice takes precedence over ethics of care and recognition, they are not actually in competition with each other, but belong to different but complementary dimensions of human existence. The perspective of philosophical understanding of the problem of recognition itself requires the deepening of its analysis with an existential-anthropological understanding rooted in a new, tragic life experience. Only under such conditions, it is possible to overcome the gap between often abstract philosophical reflections and real personal and social practices. (shrink)

Dieses Buch uber Freiheit und Form stellt Studien zur deutschen Geistesgeschichte dar und ist ein unveranderter, hochwertiger Nachdruck der Originalausgabe der zweiten Auflage aus dem Jahr 1918. Der Vero Verlag ist Herausgeber von Literatur zu unterschiedlichen Themengebieten wie Forschung, Wissenschaft und Technik, Reisen und Expeditionen, Kochen und Ernahrung, Medizin und weiteren Genres. Der Schwerpunkt des Verlages liegt auf dem Erhalt historischer Literatur. Viele Werke historischer Schriftsteller und Wissenschaftler sind heute nur noch als Antiquitaten erhaltlich. Der Vero Verlag verlegt diese Bucher (...) neu und tragt damit zum Erhalt selten gewordener Literatur und historischem Wissen auch fur die Zukunft bei.". (shrink)

The article attempts to show that Hegel’s concept of “civil society” is characterised by a deep ambivalence regarding the value of the new market economy. On the one hand, Hegel believed that the economic system represented by “civil society” succeeded like no other in simultaneously giving free reign to the desires of individual subjects and integrating them into a stable structural framework (I). On the other hand, Hegel’s reflections are increasingly overtaken by doubts as to whether, in the light of (...) its self-destructive tendencies, the market system can be as successful in guaranteeing individual freedom as he first envisaged it tobe (II). In the course of this essay, it will ultimately become clear that Hegel’s attempt to redefine “civil society” reveals considerably more conceptual indecision and inner conflict than one might have suspected from the great system builder. (shrink)

The article attempts to show that Hegel’s concept of “civil society” is characterized by a deep ambivalence about the value of the new market economy. On the one side, Hegel believed that the economic system represented by “civil society” succeeded like no other in simultaneously giving free reign to the desires of individual subjects and integrating them into a stable structural framework. On the other side, Hegel’s reflections are growingly overtaken by doubts as to whether, in light of its self-destructive (...) tendencies, the market system can be as successful in guaranteeing individual freedom as he first envisaged it to be. In the course of this essay, it will ultimately become clear that Hegel’s attempt to redefine “civil society” reveals considerably more conceptual indecision and inner conflict than one might have suspected from the great system builder. (shrink)

In dem Aufsatz wird vorgeschlagen, die Kritik der gesellschaftlichen Arbeitsverhältnisse nicht länger an irgendwelchen intrinsischen Werten oder Normen der Arbeitshandlung selbst zu orientieren; als aussichtsreicher erscheint vielmehr die Strategie, sich auf die normativen Bedingungen des marktvermittelten Leistungsaustauschs zu besinnen, um darin die Maßstäbe einer solchen Kritik ausfindig zu machen. Im Anschluss an Hegel und Durkheim wird hier der Weg umrissen, der angeschlagen werden müsste, um im Ausgang von dieser Idee noch einmal das Projekt einer Kritik der kapitalistischen Arbeitsverhältnisse in Angriff (...) zu nehmen. (shrink)

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The juxtaposition of strong and weak critique, which is so common today, represents the somewhat fruitless attempt to bring to a head a multifaceted discussion. For years now—in fact, since the end of Marxism as an autonomous theory—there has been a question regarding the possibility of finding an appropriate standpoint for a probing critical examination of the underlying assumptions of liberal-democratic society without relying upon a philosophy of history. On the one hand, material questions play a large role in the (...) discussion since it is difficult to envision alternatives to the institutional framework of highly developed societies of the West that are both desirable and efficient. On the other hand, philosophical questions play an eminent role in this debate, and these philosophical questions are often of a methodological nature. Specifically, at the center of the debate stands the problem of how to describe and justify a standpoint from which one can fruitfully critique society and its institutional practices. (shrink)

Este artículo propone la reconstrucción del punto de vista moral sobre la base de una compleja teoría del reconocimiento mutuo. Su punto de partida consiste en la comprensión del Hegel temprano de la lucha por el reconocimiento como el proceso dinámico de establecer distintas formas de afirmación mutua de la propia identidad en las relaciones de amor, respeto legal y moral, y estima social. Su punto de llegada es la afirmación de diferentes tipos de obligaciones en los diferentes contextos sociales, (...) a saber, deberes asimétricos de cuidar de los demás en sus necesidades y deseos individuales, deberes recíprocos de tratar igualitariamente a cada persona, y deberes de demostrar solidaridad y estimar a los demás en su particularidad. (shrink)

This book reveals the numerous ways in which moral, ethical and legal principles are being violated by those who provide, recommend or sell ‘complementary and alternative medicine’. The book analyses both academic literature and internet sources that promote CAM. Additionally the book presents a number of brief scenarios, both hypothetical and real-life, about individuals who use CAM or who fall prey to ethically dubious CAM practitioners. The events and conundrums described in these scenarios could happen to almost anyone. Professor emeritus (...) of complementary medicine Edzard Ernst together with bioethicist Kevin Smith provide a thorough and authoritative ethical analysis of a range of CAM modalities, including acupuncture, chiropractic, herbalism, and homeopathy. This book could and should interest all medical professionals who have contact to complementary medicine and will be an invaluable reference for patients deliberating which course of treatment to adopt. (shrink)